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Supreme Court (Istalia)
The 'Supreme Court of the Istalian Empire '(Istalian: Corte Suprema dell'Impero Istaliano) is the highest court of Istalia in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes, the name Le Gilde (The Guilds in Luthorian) is used as a metonym for it, because its sessions are held in the historic Palazzo delle Gilde (Palace of Guilds in Luthorian) in Romula. The Court was established by the first republican Constitution of Istalia in 2263 with the name Constitutional Court and remained the same in functions and structure under all the republican regimes. When was founded the fourth Republic, it was re-created once again but with the new name because the Constitutional Court of the Third Republic was considered as uneffective and not at all the supreme judge on constitutional matters which were bent to the will of the one-party regime established during its last 30 years of that republic. Powers The Supreme Court is tasked to judge on the Constitutionality of the laws enacted by the National Assembly as well as the regulations and local laws enacted by the local authorities. So, its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established rules, rights and freedoms. It judges also on conflicts arising from allocation of powers of the State and those powers allocated to State and Regions, and between Regions; charges brought against the President and the Ministers, including the Head of Government. When the Court declares a law unconstitutional, the law ceases to have effect the day after the publication of the ruling. Composition The Supreme Court, according to the most recent reform of this institution, is composed of 15 judges for the term of service of seven years: 5 appointed by the President, 5 elected by the Chamber of Deputies and 5 elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts. The judges appointed by the President and elected by the Chamber of Deputies shall be always confirmed by the Senate which has to approve the appointed judges with a 2/3 majority. Candidates need to be either lawyers with twenty years or more experience, full professors of law, or (former) judges of the Supreme Administrative, Civil and Criminal tribunals and are elegible only judges with an age between 55 and 79 years. The Emperor chairs cerimonially the Court while the First Judge of the Supreme Court (usually called President as colloquial tradition from the previous republic regime) is the veritable leader of the Court. The Imperial Chancellor, appointed by the Emperor, chairs the Court on behalf of the monarch for most part of the sessions and like the monarch has not right to the vote but can . The First Judge is elected from among the 5 judges elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts in a secret ballot, by an absolute majority (8 votes in the case of a full court). If no person gets a majority, a runoff election between the two judges with the most votes occurs. The First Secretary of the Court appoints one or more vice-presidents to stand in for him in the event of his absence for any reason. Category:Istalia Category:Politics of Istalia Category:National supreme courts